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Access demographic, economic and population data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Explore census data with visualizations and view tutorials.

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2020 Census 2026 Census Test 2030 Census American Community Survey (ACS) American Housing Survey (AHS) Annual Business Survey (ABS) Annual Integrated Economic Survey (AIES) County Business Patterns (CBP) Current Population Survey (CPS) Economic Census Household Pulse Survey International Programs Metro and Micro Areas Population Estimates Population Projections Small Area Income and Poverty Statistics of U.S. Businesses Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)

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America Counts: Stories Audio Blogs By the Numbers Facts for Features Fact Sheets Infographics and Visualizations Photos Publications Spotlights Stats for Stories Training (Census Academy) Videos Working Papers

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Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

List of working papers by series.

Working Paper

Targeting At-Risk Households to Reduce the Undercount

April 17, 2025

Detailed agenda for incorporating community-based participatory research and administrative records to target sample for research to reduce the undercount.
Working Paper

Debiasing Functions of Private Statistics in Postprocessing

February 25, 2025
Working Paper

Towards a Principled Framework for Disclosure Avoidance

January 15, 2025
Working Paper

A New Model for International Privacy

December 2024

NSOs have competing mandates to both maintain the privacy of individuals and organizations whose data they collect and to provide broad access to that data.
Working Paper

A Census Bureau Survey Landing Page Website Metric Summary

October 15, 2024

Evaluation of the Census 2023 test landing page usage, e.g. devices and referral methods used and rates of navigated to the census form.
Working Paper

Preliminary Report on Differentially Private Post-Stratification

June 06, 2023
Working Paper

Database Reconstruction Does Compromise Confidentiality

March 15, 2023
Working Paper

An Annotated Bibliography of Privacy-Violating Attacks

January 23, 2023

This annotated bibliography is intended to serve as a convenient guide to papers constituting the scientific literature on privacy-violating attacks.
Working Paper

Linking Enrollment Records to Survey Reports: the CHIME Study Design

April 02, 2018

Design of an experimental reverse-record check study that compared CPS and ACS survey responses to health insurance enrollment records.
Working Paper

The Expected P-Value of the Sign Test Under a Non-i.i.d. Alternative

September 13, 2002

The EPV can be used in lieu of the power of a test.

View All Research Working Papers

All Subtopics Within Research

Dissemination and Access—Innovation and Research

Explore our research and innovations related to effectively disseminating quality data while protecting respondents’ confidentiality.
Economic and Social Research

Learn about our use of confidential microdata on businesses and households to do empirical research in economics, sociology, demography, and related fields.
Research Computing Environments

Explore our leading-edge research in computational environments that use data science methods such as web scraping, AI, machine learning, and record linkage.
Statistical Research

Delve into our research on statistical design, modeling, and analysis methods for data collection, analysis, statistical product development, and dissemination.
Survey Methods Research

Learn about our methodological research to design and evaluate questionnaires, recruitment materials, field rep training, and other aspects of data collection.